ADVERB: Fungsi dan Macam-macam Kata Keterangan

Apakah Adverb

Adverb (adverbia) adalah kata keterangan. Ia berfungsi menerangkan kata kerja. Contoh:

You should remove the cover carefully.
Maintenance should be carried out regularly.

Pada contoh di atas carfeully dan regularly adalah adverb. Adverb pertama menerangkan kata kerja remove. Adverb contoh kedua menerangkan kata kerja be carried out. Contoh adverb sejenis dengan carefully dan regularly misalnya:

slowly
quickly
clearly
easily
gradually
manually

Contoh dalam kalimat:

Lower it slowly = Turunkan pelan-pelan.
Do it quickly = Lakukan cepat.
Master explains clearly = Nakhoda menerangkan dengan jelas.
They answered the questions easily = Mereka menjawab pertanyaan dengan mudah.
Increase the pressure gradually = Naikkan tekanan bertahap.
Adjust the gain manually = Atur gain secara manual.

Macam-macam Adverb

Ada beberapa macam adverb:

1. Adverb of Manner

Adverb ini menerangkan cara sesuatu dikerjakan. Misalnya: slowly, quickly, clearly, carefully, gradually, manually, loudly, suddenly, automatically.

Contoh di atas semua teratur terbentuk dari adjective+ly. Tetapi ada bentu yang tidak teratur, yaitu fast dan well. Misal dalam kalimat:

He speaks English well.
He works fast.

Yang berikut ini bukan adverb, melainkan adjecive:

daily works = pekerjaan harian
weekly maintenance = perawatan mingguan
monthly report = laporan bulanan
oily water = air berminyak

2. Adverb of Frequency

Adverb ini menerangkan seberapa sering sesuatu dikerjakan. Adverb of frequency yaitu:

always = selalu
usually = biasanya
often = sering
sometimes = kadang-kadang
seldom = jarang
never = tidak pernah

Contoh pemakaian:

He usually patrols at 5 = Biasanya dia patroli keliling pukul 5 pagi.
The oiler often neglects his duties = Oiler itu sering mengabaikan tugasnya.
Never apply the wrong procedure = Jangan pernah menerapkan prosedur yang salah.

3. Adverb of Place

Adverb of place adalah keterangan tempat. Contoh:

here = Come here = Ayo ke sini.
aboard = Welcome aboard = Selamat datang di kapal.
astern = Shift astern 15 meters = Geser ke belakang 15 meter.
ashore = The ship is heading ashore = Kapal itu bergerak mengarah ke darat.
in the engine room = Chief engineer is still in the engine room = KKM masih di kamar mesin.
in FO tank = Water is found in FO tank = Ditemukan air di tanki FO

4. Adverb of Time

Adverb of time adalah keterangan waktu. Contoh:

We have to fix it now = Kita harus memperbaikinya sekarang.
Berthing schedule, today 1600 hours = Rencana sandar hari ini pukul 4 sore.
Completed repair last night 2100 hours = Selesai perbaikan tadi malam pukul 9.
The wire was replaced last year = wire itu diganti tahun lalu.
Due date, next month = Jatuh tempo bulan depan.
Docking is next year = Rencana docking tahun depan.
Tomorrow morning we will overhaul cyl no. 4 of main engine = Besok pagi kami akan overhaul ME cyl no. 4.

Adverb of manner, of place, of time bisa tampil dalam satu kalimat. Adverb of manner mendahului adverb of place. Adverb of time bisa di akhir kalimat, bisa juga di awal.